ASCOT Library Zabali Campus

Chapter 1: conceptual framework for sustainable development. –
Definition and conceptual framework. –
Operationalization of sustainable development. –
Sustainable development and the environment. –
Sustainable development in the agricultural and rural sector. –
Chapter 2: the Philippine forest ecosystem/ Percy E. Sajise and Nenita E. Tapay. –
Percy E. Sajise and Nenita E. Tapay. –
Introduction. –
1. Approach and scope. –
2. Analytical framework of the study. –
Historical background of forest utilization in the Philippines. –
Present condition of Philippine natural forests. –
Environmental problem analysis. –
1. Forest fires. –
2. Kaingin practices. –
3. Land tenure. –
4. Logging. –
5. Harvesting of minor forest products. –
6. Mining. –
7. Mining. –
8. Weak enforcement of forest protection. –
Environmental impacts. –
1. Erosion and sedimentation. –
2. Loss of biodiversity. –
3. Hydrologic impairment. –
4. Displacement of cultural communities. –
5. Low income and poverty in the uplands. –
6. Malnutrition in the uplands. –
Recommendations. –
1. Priority problems. –
2. Courses of action. –
3. Specific recommendations. –
Chapter 3: the Philippine marginal lands ecosystem/Enrique P. Pacardo. –
Introduction. –
1. Definition of terms. –
2. Analytical framework of the study. –
Present environmental situation. –
1. Extent. –
2. Population. –
3. Environmental problems and issues. –
Factors affecting the degradation of marginal lands. –
1. Rapid population increase. –
2. Insecurity of land tenure. –
3. Slow rate of reforestation.–
Needs and recommendations. –
Chapter 4: the Philippine croplands ecosystem/ Nicomedes D. Briones. –
Introduction. –
Extent. –
Environmental issues. –
1. Continued degradation of the production base. –
2. The land constraint. –
3. Loss of genetic diversity. –
4. Tenurial issues. –
5. Low income and poverty. –
6. Climatic factors. –
Recommendations. –
Chapter 5: the Philippine urban environment/ Rosario D. Jimenez. –
Background. –
Present situation. –
1. Urban population growth trends. –
2. Housing in urban areas. –
3. Availability of basic services. –
4. Pollution. –
5. Flooding. –
Government's response. –
1. Water pollution. –
2. Solid waste management. –
3. Air pollution. –
4. Metro Manila Authority. –
Some pressing policy issues. –
1. The need for energy planning. –
2. The possible negative impact of converting agricultural land to urban use. –
Chapter 6: coastal and marine ecosystems. –
The Philippine coastal ecosystems. –
1. Philippine coral reefs: ecosystems under stress/ Edgardo E. Gomez. –
2. Philippine mangroves: their depletion, conversion and decreasing productivity/ Prescillano M. Zamora. –
3. Philippine seagrass ecosystems and their resources: a situationer/ Miguel D. Fortes. –
The Philippine marine ecosystem. –
1. Capture fisheries. –
2. Aquaculture. –
Conclusion. –
Chapter 7: the Philippine freshwater ecosystem/Macrina T. Zafaralla. –
Introduction. –
The often ignored importance of rivers and lakes. –
1. The water cycle. –
2. Influence on climate. –
3. Nutrient cycling. –
4. Biological reservoirs. –
5. Freshwater resources in the light of the Philippines' Economic Development. –
The state of river and lake resources. –
1. Disturbed water regime. –
2. Pollution by urban and industrial wastes. –
3. Pollution by agricultural chemicals. –
4. Siltation. –
Problems and issues. –
1. Deteriorating water quality. –
2. Deteriorating productivity of aquatic resources. –
3. Shortened life span of water-related structures. –
4. Displacement of upland communities. –
Chapter 8: the population dimension in various environmental systems in the Philippines/Imelda Zosa-Feranil. –
Policy and value framework. –
Conceptual framework. –
Philippine population change: a macro-historical perspective. –
The population in different environmental systems. –
A note on varied estimates of upland and forest populations. –
Population size in different environment systems. –
Population density. –
Population growth. –
Implications of projected population. –
Summary points. –
Chapter 9: summary and general recommendations. –
Definition of environment and general principles. –
Guiding principles for defining environmental concern. –
General statements on state of environment and problems. –
The environmental agenda.

"Environmental issues continue to occupy a central place in our national discourse. The impending water crisis is but one of the most recent manifestations of the profound effects of environmental abuse for which solutions must be collectively sought and found.
But solutions to the environmental crisis, which has now taken global proportions, are far from simple. Among other things, finding solutions requires that we accurately grasp the problem through development. adequate knowledge of the state of our environment and resources
For this reason, UP-CIDS is publishing the State of the Philippine Environment. This report was done by a multidisciplinary team of experts from UP Los Baños and UP Diliman under the leadership of Dr. Percy Sajise. The team was convened in 1989 as part of the UP Assessments of the State of the Nation Project. Although the data is quite dated, the report continues to be relevant precisely because it provides a baseline assessment of our environmental state against which future developments may be viewed.
Appropriately, the study uses an ecosystem approach so that we can fully apprehend the relationships among the different influences on our environment and resource use. Apart from the assessments, it also gives some policy recommendations.
The UP-CIDS wishes to acknowledge Ms. Sheila Coronel, Ms. Bella Lucas and Prof. Patricia Arinto for their editorial assistance; Michael Arciga for painstakingly drawing the figures on the computer, encoding the numerous tables and layouting the text; and Erlinda Cometa, for encoding some of the papers.
As in all our publications, the views presented in this report are those of the authors whose academic freedom is upheld by the University."
- Maria Cynthia Rose Banzon Bautista